Ubukungu bwa zahabu bwagaragaye ku isi bugera kuri toni zigera ku 100.000. Ibiciro bya zahabu byazamutse hafi 15% mu mezi atatu ashize.

Nk’ubwoko bw’icyuma gifite imiterere ibiri y’ifaranga n’ibicuruzwa, zahabu ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’ububiko bw’amafaranga y’amahanga mu bihugu bitandukanye. Kuva mu ntangiriro za Werurwe, igiciro mpuzamahanga cya zahabu cyazamutse kuva ku madolari 1,676 kuri ounce imwe kigera ku madolari 1,912.77 ku ya 1 Kamena, kigera ku madolari 1,904.84. Cyagabanutse munsi ya dolari 1,900 kuri ounce imwe ya Troy mu minsi ibiri ishize, ariko kiracyari hejuru. Mu mezi atatu gusa, igiciro cya zahabu cyazamutse hafi 15%. Ni izihe mpinduka zabaye mu ruhererekane rw’inganda za zahabu mu gihe isoko ryari ririmo kwiyongera?

Zhang Yongtao, Visi Perezida akaba n'Umunyamabanga Mukuru w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Ubushinwa rya Zahabu, yavuze ko izamuka ry'ibiciro bya zahabu ryatanze amahirwe y'amateka mu iterambere ry'inganda za zahabu zo mu gihugu. Icyorezo cyakwirakwiriye isi yose, kandi impinduka zitunguranye mu miterere ya politiki n'ubukungu mpuzamahanga byongereye cyane urwego n'uruhare rwa zahabu, bitanga inkunga ikomeye ku ituze n'izamuka ry'igiciro cya zahabu ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ibiciro bya zahabu birushaho kwiyongera mu ihindagurika rihoraho, isoko rya zahabu rirakora. Kuri ubu, igiciro mpuzamahanga cya zahabu kiracyari hejuru, bitanga amahirwe y'amateka mu iterambere ry'inganda za zahabu.

Amakuru agaragaza ko iterambere ry’ibigo bya zahabu ku isi ryagaragaje ubwo bubiko bw’umutungo bungana na toni zigera ku 100.000, harimo n’ububiko bw’ubumenyi bw’ibanze bungana na toni 50.000. Muri toni ibihumbi 100 z’amakuru y’ikoranabuhanga yiyongereyeho, ibikubiye muri ayo makuru bikwirakwizwa mu bihugu birenga cumi na bibiri bitandukanye, nka Afurika y’Epfo, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Ositaraliya, Indoneziya, na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Amakuru yashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y'Umutungo Kamere agaragaza ko mu 2019, ububiko bwa zahabu mu Bushinwa bwari toni 14,131.06, bungana na 14.13% by'umutungo wose ku isi. Ariko, urwego rw'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya zahabu mu Bushinwa ruri hasi cyane, kandi ububiko bw'ibanze bwayo ni toni 2,298.36, bituma iba ububiko bwa zahabu bwa cyenda ku isi. Kuva mu 2016, umubare w'imishinga yo gucukura zahabu ku isi wariyongereye buhoro buhoro, kandi watangiye kugabanuka mu 2019. Muri 2020, imishinga 1,990 yo gucukura zahabu yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku isi, izamukaho 23% ugereranyije n'imishinga 1,546 yo mu 2019.

Buri kwezi, umubare w’imishinga yo gucukura zahabu ku isi mu 2020 wariyongereye buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kugabanuka muri Werurwe, ugera kuri 197 mu Ukuboza, uzamukaho 112% ugereranije n’imishinga yo hasi ya Werurwe yari 93. Imishinga yo gucukura zahabu ikorera muri Ositaraliya, Kanada na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Muri 2020, Ositaraliya, Kanada na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bizashyira mu bikorwa imishinga 659, 539 na 172. Muri rusange, ibihugu bitatu bigize 72% by’imishinga yo gucukura zahabu ku isi. Kuva mu 2016 kugeza 2018, ingano y’umutungo wa zahabu wavumbuwe ku isi yagaragaje ko yiyongera buhoro buhoro, igera kuri toni 1.682.7 muri 2018, kandi igaragaza ko yagabanutse cyane mu 2019. Muri 2020, ingano y’umutungo wa zahabu wavumbuwe ku isi yiyongereye cyane, yiyongeraho 27% ugereranije no mu 2019, igera kuri toni 1.090. Umubare w’umutungo wa zahabu mushya wose wavumbuwe mu 2020 uri mu ishusho ya “A”, naho umubare w’umutungo wa zahabu mushya wavumbuwe muri Kamena na Nyakanga ni wo uri hasi kandi munini mu mwaka, uko bikurikirana, ukaba ari toni 4.9 na toni 410.6.

“Nubwo amafaranga yo gucukura zahabu mu bubiko bw’ubutaka yagabanutse cyane mu myaka yashize, ububiko bwa zahabu bwagaragaye ko bwiyongereye buri mwaka.” Ibibazo n’imbogamizi by’ingenzi Ubushinwa buhura nabyo mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’inganda zicukura zahabu bigaragarira mu bintu bitatu: Icya mbere, ishoramari mu micungire y’amafaranga yo gucukura zahabu ryagabanutse cyane, bigatera “ikibazo cy’ibura ry’umutungo wa zahabu”. Icya kabiri, ibigo bitunganya zahabu bigomba gushyira imbaraga mu guhuza ibikorwa bishya. Urugero, ibisigazwa bya cyanide byashyizwe ku rutonde rw’imyanda ihumanya ya Leta, rugaragaza ko hari byinshi bikenewe mu gukora ibirombe bya zahabu. Icya gatatu, amakuru ya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bya zahabu ntashobora guhaza ibyifuzo by’inganda zitandukanye mu iterambere ry’isoko. “udushya mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, harimo n’abatekinisiye b’inganda zicukura zahabu ku buntu n’izidafite cyanide nyinshi (zihenze cyane, zidafite akamaro ku isi hose), ingorane z’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubuhanga mu gucukura amabuye y’agaciro menshi byagoranye kunyuramo (nk’igiciro kinini, bigoye).